Question

How did the advent of genetic sequencing affect taxonomy?

a) Simplified classification based on observable traits
b) Introduced new criteria for species categorization
c) Strengthened reliance on fossil records
d) Eliminated the need for taxonomy

Answer 1

Biological science focuses on living organisms, forensic biology analyzes biological evidence like DNA. Chemical science studies matter and energy, forensic chemistry analyzes trace materials. Physical science examines interactions between matter and energy, forensic physics analyzes physical evidence.

Step-by-step explanation:

Differences between Biological, Chemical, and Physical Science:

Biological Science: The study of living organisms. Forensic discipline: Forensic Biology. Specialty Area: Analysis of biological evidence such as DNA, hair, and other body fluids at crime scenes.

Chemical Science: The study of the interactions of matter with other matter and energy. Forensic discipline: Forensic Chemistry. Specialty Area: Analysis of trace materials like fibers, blood, and documents in crime investigation.

Physical Science: The study of fundamental interactions between matter and energy. Forensic discipline: Forensic Physics. Specialty Area: Analysis of firearm ballistics and other physical evidence.

Answer 2

The advent of genetic sequencing has significantly affected taxonomy by introducing new criteria for species categorization (Option B). It allows for the analysis of molecular data to trace evolutionary relationships and distinguish between fundamental and superficial similarities.

Step-by-step explanation:

Genetic sequencing brought new criteria for species categorization in taxonomy. This modern approach to taxonomy uses molecular data, particularly DNA sequences, to trace evolutionary relationships and establish taxonomic groupings.

The use of genetic information provides a standard way to compare organisms and can reveal key differences that reflect phylogeny.

Molecular systematics, leveraging advancements in DNA technology, confirms many earlier classified organisms and uncovers previous errors in the taxonomy.

Genetic sequencing provides a wealth of characteristics for comparison that are less likely to be influenced by natural selection, making them more reliable indicators of common ancestry.

These characteristics can distinguish between fundamental similarities (arising from shared ancestry) versus superficial similarities (due to common selective pressures), which is crucial for accurate phylogenetic classification.

Computer programs aid in analyzing genetic data to determine relatedness, making the interplay between morphological and molecular information a powerful tool in elucidating the evolutionary history of organisms.

Hence, the correct answer is Option B.