Final answer:
Political parties were formed due to customs and traditions, evolving as groups with shared political beliefs to influence policy and elections.
Step-by-step explanation:
The option that was formed due to customs and traditions is b) Political parties. Political parties developed as groups of people with similar political goals and opinions banded together to influence public policy and elections. While not explicitly outlined in the Constitution, they have evolved over time through customs and traditions. Elements like the Bill of Rights and the executive branch were established by the Constitution and are based on legal frameworks rather than traditions. Moreover, the concept of equality for all is a principle enshrined in the Constitution and reinforced through amendments like the Fourteenth Amendment, which emphasizes the Equal Protection Clause to ensure that all citizens receive equal treatment under the law.