Final answer:
Ethos is used in statement a, where a doctor utilizes their professional authority. Logos is demonstrated in statement b, referring to international research by space organizations. Pathos is the appeal in statements c and d, engaging emotions related to community and personal values.
Step-by-step explanation:
For each of the examples below, the appropriate rhetorical appeal has been labeled and explained:
- Ethos (E): "As a doctor, I am qualified to tell you that this course of treatment will likely generate the best results." The appeal to ethos is present here as the speaker establishes credibility and authority on the subject by referencing their professional role as a doctor.
- Logos (L): "Research compiled by analysts from NASA, as well as organizations from five other nations with space programs, suggests that a moon colony is viable with international support." The use of research and credible sources from international space organizations capitalizes on logos, appealing to logic through factual evidence and rational reasoning.
- Pathos (P): "I'm not just invested in this community - I love every building, every business, every hard-working member of this town." This statement uses strong emotional language to connect with the audience's feelings about their community, thus engaging with pathos.
- Pathos (P): "You'll make the right decision because you have something that not many people do: you have heart." Again, pathos is evident as the speaker appeals to the audience's emotions, suggesting that their capacity for empathy and compassion will guide them to the correct decision.