Final answer:
The increases in health and wealth in Europe, access to technologies in Africa, and the new labor force in The Americas were results of European colonization and the forced migration of enslaved Africans, facilitated by the Triangular Trade and changes brought about by the Columbian Exchange.
Step-by-step explanation:
Health and wealth increased in Europe, Africans gained access to new technologies, and The Americas had a new labor force due to a series of interconnected historical events primarily driven by the economic strategies of European powers. With the close of the fifteenth century, European nations embarked on an era of exploration and colonization, leading to the conquest of new lands in the Americas and Africa. The establishment of colonies and the need to exploit these lands for economic gain created a massive demand for labor.
Initially, Europeans attempted to enslave the indigenous populations in the Americas and to use European indentured laborers. However, due to high mortality from war, disease, and famine, these sources proved inadequate. As a result, Europe turned to Africa and began to forcefully transport enslaved Africans across the Atlantic, in a trade system known as the Triangular Trade. This had profound consequences for all involved, as millions of lives were forever altered by the trade in enslaved people.
This labor system and the broader pattern of exchanges, including the Columbian Exchange, transformed economies and societies on both sides of the Atlantic. The transfer of plants, animals, diseases, and technology between the Americas and the Old World brought about drastic changes in lifestyles, diets, economies, and populations. Such mass migrations and forced movements of people also set the stage for the racial dynamics and labor systems that would define the Americas for centuries.