Final answer:
Translation is the biological process in which the genetic code in mRNA is used to synthesize proteins on the ribosome, with the help of tRNA molecules that carry amino acids.
Step-by-step explanation:
Translation is the process of using messenger RNA (mRNA) to synthesize proteins. During translation, the genetic code encoded in mRNA is read by the ribosome, a molecular machine composed of rRNA and proteins. This code, made up of sequences called codons, instructs which amino acids should be added to a growing polypeptide chain to form a protein. The ribosome facilitates the matching of transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules, which carry specific amino acids, to the appropriate codons on the mRNA strand. Once the amino acids are aligned, they are joined together to create a protein, which will then fold into its functional three-dimensional structure.