Final answer:
The invention not associated with the technological advancements prior to the Age of Exploration is the Steam engine, which is attributed to the Industrial Revolution.
Step-by-step explanation:
The invention that is not a result of the technological explosion prior to the age of exploration is D. Steam engine. The steam engine was a product of the Industrial Revolution and was not developed until the 18th century, while the Age of Exploration is marked between the 15th and 17th centuries. Among the listed inventions, the printing press, compass, and gunpowder were indeed significant technological advancements that occurred prior to or during the Age of Exploration. The printing press facilitated the spread of knowledge, the compass was vital for navigation, and gunpowder changed the nature of warfare, all contributing to European exploratory and imperial endeavors. However, the steam engine came much later and was a hallmark of the Industrial Revolution, significantly impacting transportation and industry.