Final answer:
Aristotle and Socrates advocated for the use of reason and logic to understand the universe, relying on philosophical inquiry to uncover truths rather than empirical science.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Greek thinkers Aristotle and Socrates believed that societies should use reason and logic to understand the universe. They focused on philosophical reflection to make sense of the natural world, emphasizing the importance of rigorous thinking over empirical experimentation. Aristotle wrote extensively on a range of topics including physics and the natural world, contributing greatly to the discipline of natural philosophy, which later evolved into more specialized sciences. Socrates, through his method of questioning, sought to examine life and the world around us through reasoned dialogue and critical analysis. By using reason, individuals could determine the truths about the natural order and their own lives.