Final answer:
Parliament opposed the king by presenting a list of grievances, passing the Triennial Act, and militarily in the English Civil War, resulting in a Parliamentary victory and the king's execution. In colonial matters, Parliament failed to grant direct representation and imposed trade restrictions, contributing to revolutionary tensions.
Step-by-step explanation:
Parliament opposed the king through a series of political, legislative, and military actions that ultimately led to the English Civil War. During the Long Parliament from 1640 to 1660, grievances were presented which led to the drafting of the Triennial Act, compelling a monarch to summon Parliament regularly. The conflict escalated when, in 1642, both Parliament and King Charles I raised troops, with the ensuing war ending in a Parliamentary victory and the execution of King Charles I in 1649. Oliver Cromwell's New Model Army was pivotal in this outcome. Moreover, Parliament exerted its opposition in colonial matters, such as with the American colonists, by refusing to acknowledge their requests for direct representation and imposing trade restrictions—actions which contributed to the tensions leading up to the American Revolutionary War.