Final answer:
The term best describing farming or cultivation is 'agriculture,' which includes growing crops and rearing animals, domestication, and renewable methods of production.
Step-by-step explanation:
The description you are referring to when it comes to farming or cultivation is most accurately described by option a. agriculture. Agriculture is the cultivation of the soil for the growing of crops and the rearing of animals, as defined by Oxford Languages. It involves various techniques such as extensive horticulture and intensive agriculture, where one plot is farmed over and over again using labor-intensive methods like plowing, terracing, and irrigation. Agriculture is crucial for the production of food and some raw materials and is considered a renewable source of wealth for societies that engage in it.
Agriculture also includes the domestication of plants and animals, which allows humans to mass-produce commodities and directly impact the genetic makeup of the organisms they cultivate. This domestication process has been crucial to the development of human civilizations over millennia.