Final answer:
The correct sentence with an acceptable abbreviation is 'Dr. Johnson conducted the research.' Abbreviations like 'Dr.' are standard and are properly used after full terms have been introduced.
Step-by-step explanation:
The sentence that uses an abbreviation acceptable in academic writing is 'Dr. Johnson conducted the research.' In this case, 'Dr.' is a standard abbreviation for 'Doctor,' commonly used before a person's name. It's important to note that when writing academic papers, abbreviations should be used sparingly, ensuring that they are well-established and recognized in the field. Names and terms should generally be written out in full when first mentioned, with the abbreviation following in parentheses. Subsequent references can use the abbreviation.
In academic writing, it is also acceptable to use abbreviations for well-known organizations, standard metric units, and scientific names after they have been fully written out once. For example, the abbreviation for kilometer is 'km,' with 'kilo-' signifying 'one thousand' times the base unit of meter. A milligram, abbreviated 'mg,' is one-thousandth of a gram. A nanosecond, shortened to 'ns,' is one-billionth of a second, and a centiliter, 'cL,' is one-hundredth of a liter.
Another common use of abbreviations in academic writing involves species names in scientific texts. For instance, after the first reference to Escherichia coli, it is typically abbreviated to E. coli.