Final answer:
Genetic information becomes a protein and then a phenotype through the processes of transcription and translation. During transcription, DNA is copied into mRNA, and during translation, mRNA is used to assemble amino acids into a protein.
Step-by-step explanation:
The flow of genetic information from DNA to protein and phenotype involves two main processes - transcription and translation. During transcription, the DNA sequence is copied into mRNA. Then, during translation, the mRNA is used as a template to produce a protein with a specific sequence of amino acids.
Transcription takes place in the nucleus of the cell, where the DNA is transcribed into mRNA. The mRNA then travels to the cytoplasm and binds to a ribosome. The ribosome reads the mRNA sequence and assembles the corresponding amino acids to form a protein, according to the genetic code.