Final answer:
The first three articles of the Constitution establish the Legislative Branch in Article I, the Executive Branch in Article II, and the Judicial Branch in Article III, outlining their powers and ensuring a system of checks and balances.
Step-by-step explanation:
The three branches of the United States government are established in the first three articles of the Constitution. The overarching structure of the government and the division of power were part of the Great Compromise, which led to the creation of the legislative, executive, and judicial branches to ensure checks and balances.
Article I outlines the legislative branch, known as Congress, which is bicameral, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives. Article II establishes the executive branch, headed by the President, detailing the powers and duties of the office. Lastly, Article III defines the judicial branch, led by the Supreme Court, providing the framework for the federal court system.
These articles ensure that no single branch becomes too powerful, with a system of checks and balances that include the presidential veto, Congressional override, and the Supreme Court's judicial review.