Final answer:
Biases from early psychologists influence our understanding of psychology by shaping perceptions of normal and abnormal behavior, reflecting the cultural biases of their times. This has impacted the inclusion and accurate representation of diverse groups, necessitating the evolution of multicultural and cross-cultural psychology.
Step-by-step explanation:
You asked how biases from early psychologists might influence our understanding of psychology. The correct answer is C) By shaping perceptions of normal and abnormal behavior. The legacy of biases from early psychologists continues to shape our understanding of psychology by influencing what is considered normative or deviant behavior. These biases stemmed from the predominant influence of Western, White, and male scholars, reflecting their own perspectives and excluding or misunderstanding those from other backgrounds. This has led to underrepresentation and misrepresentation of women, ethnic minorities, and other groups, not only in the field's history but also in how psychological concepts are applied and understood.
This reflection of cultural bias shows the importance of considering diverse perspectives in psychological research. This has necessitated a push towards multicultural and cross-cultural psychology, as well as the formation of ethnically based organizations within the American Psychological Association to foster more inclusive research that reflects the diversity of human experiences.
Understanding bias in psychology is also vital for students, as it helps them critically evaluate information and avoid cognitive biases such as confirmation bias, which can skew their perceptions and analyses.