Final answer:
Iran is an Islamic Republic where the Supreme Leader holds significant authority, and laws must align with Islamic law. Its young population is pushing towards democratic reform and familiarity with Western culture. Although both Iran and the U.S. have constitutions, their principles of governance differ significantly.
Step-by-step explanation:
The government type of Iran is an Islamic Republic, which mixes theocratic and democratic elements. The country operates under a unique political system where the ultimate power lies with the Supreme Leader, a religious figure who has significant influence over all branches of government. Laws are made within a framework that blends aspects of Islamic governance and civil institution mechanisms, which means all legislation must adhere to Islamic law. The Iranian constitution was adopted in December 1979, after the Islamic revolution, making Islam the nation's official religion and requiring that laws conform to Islamic principles.
An interesting fact about Iran is the tension between its conservative rulers and the push for more democracy, particularly among the younger generation. This segment of the population is becoming more familiar with Western culture and is advocating for increased personal freedoms, as evidenced by the widespread celebration of Valentine's Day, despite it being an unofficial holiday in the country.
When it comes to similarities to the U.S. government, both Iran and the United States have written constitutions and a legislative body that enacts laws. However, the processes and underlying principles of governance in both countries are quite different, with the U.S. being a secular federal republic with a clear separation of church and state, whereas Iran's laws and government actions must align with Islamic teachings.