Final answer:
The shift from medieval to Renaissance painting was primarily driven by the adoption of linear perspective and realism. Introduction of oil paints enhanced depth and texture, while humanist influences and a new patronage system encouraged diverse themes and techniques.
Step-by-step explanation:
The change in artistic style from medieval painting to Renaissance painting was due primarily to the adoption of linear perspective and a movement towards realism and naturalism in the arts. This transformation is exemplified by the works of artists like Leonardo Da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Filippo Brunelleschi, who integrated a more realistic portrayal of the human form and space into their artwork. The Early Renaissance saw artists such as Andrea Mantegna and Paolo Uccello using one-point perspective to create depth and realism. Additionally, the introduction of oil paints during the Northern Renaissance allowed for a deeper color depth and more intricate textures, which further enhanced the illusion of reality that Renaissance artists and patrons sought.
Another major factor was the growing interest in humanism, which led to artists viewing themselves as intellectuals rather than anonymous craftsmen. This new self-image, combined with the collapse of feudalism and the rise of wealthy merchants as patrons, contributed to a shift towards artworks that displayed a greater variety of themes and techniques.