Final answer:
Barrington Irving found success by solving problems effectively, reflecting the meritocratic values seen in the Tang dynasty, where success was achieved through talents and virtues demonstrated in rigorous examinations.
Step-by-step explanation:
Barrington Irving achieved success through effective problem recognition and solving, according to the presentation, which aligns with the historical perspective on meritocracy. In the context of Tang dynasty, meritocracy was highly valued, with the written examinations being the most prestigious route to office. The exams were a means to select the wisest and the most virtuous, by testing abilities in poetry, calligraphy, and other learned arts, rather than relying on aristocratic or political connections.