Final answer:
The Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), founded by Marcus Garvey, is the organization known for addressing the struggles of people of African descent globally. It aimed at promoting racial pride and independence. The NAACP, another significant civil rights organization, focused on domestic equality and anti-colonization efforts, particularly within the United States.
Step-by-step explanation:
The organization that recognized the common struggles of people of African descent, including issues such as colonialism, racism, and poverty, was the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA). Founded by Marcus Garvey in 1917, the UNIA was instrumental in promoting racial pride, economic independence, and a unified identity among people of African ancestry. Despite initial success with ventures and reaching millions through its newspaper, The Negro World, the UNIA's economic projects ultimately failed, and the association declined following the deportation of Garvey.
On the other hand, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), established in 1909, focused on achieving political, social, economic, and educational equality for minority groups within the United States. Led by figures such as W.E.B. Du Bios, the NAACP actively fought against lynching, segregation, and for the end of colonization of Africa, becoming the most significant civil rights organization of its time.