Final answer:
Artificial insemination, referred to as AI, is a form of artificial selection where humans breed organisms with desirable traits. Unlike natural selection, which occurs through natural processes, artificial selection is guided by human choice and has led to the development of new breeds and species.
Step-by-step explanation:
Artificial insemination is commonly referred to as b) AI, which stands for Artificial Insemination. This method involves manual introduction of semen into a female's uterus or cervix for the purpose of achieving a pregnancy through in vivo fertilization without sexual intercourse. It is often used in animal breeding and is a form of artificial selection, where humans influence the breeding process to pass on desirable traits. For comparison, natural selection refers to the process by which nature selects for traits that increase an organism's chances of survival and reproduction. Artificial selection has been used to create new breeds and species, such as different dog breeds developed by humans.