Final answer:
To calculate the upper and lower bound, round up and down the given values for each calculation, respectively. For a) 44 / 3^2, the upper bound is 4.5 and the lower bound is 4.89. For b) 578 / (17 x 22), the upper bound is 1.06 and the lower bound is 1.03.
Step-by-step explanation:
a) To calculate the upper and lower bound for 44 / 3^2, we need to consider the range of possible values for each number, given that they are given to the nearest whole number. The nearest whole number for 44 is 44 itself, and the nearest whole number for 3^2 is 9. To find the upper bound, we can round up both values, resulting in 45 / 10, which equals 4.5. To find the lower bound, we round down both values, resulting in 44 / 9, which equals 4.89. Therefore, the upper bound is 4.5 and the lower bound is 4.89. b) To calculate the upper and lower bound for 578 / (17 x 22), we need to consider the range of possible values for each number, given that they are given to the nearest whole number. The nearest whole number for 578 is 578 itself, and the nearest whole numbers for 17 and 22 are 17 and 22, respectively. To find the upper bound, we can round up all three values, resulting in 579 / (18 x 23), which equals 1.06. To find the lower bound, we round down all three values, resulting in 578 / (17 x 22), which equals 1.03. Therefore, the upper bound is 1.06 and the lower bound is 1.03.