Final Answer:
The parent ideology called liberalism, which set forth the groundwork for American Liberalism and American Conservatism, is defined as a political ideology advocating for limited government intervention and individual rights.Thus,the correct option is b.
Step-by-step explanation:
Liberalism, as the parent ideology, is characterized by a belief in individual liberties and limited government intervention. The core principles include the protection of individual rights, political and economic freedoms, and a commitment to the rule of law. This ideology stands in contrast to authoritarian rule (option a) and hereditary monarchy (option c), as liberalism emphasizes democratic governance and rejects concentrated power in the hands of a few. Additionally, it differs from socialist economic policies (option d), which involve a more active role of the state in economic affairs.
The essence of liberalism is found in its emphasis on individualism and the idea that government should serve as a protector of individual rights rather than an entity that imposes excessive control. Limited government intervention allows for a free-market economy to flourish, promoting competition and innovation. The balance between individual rights and limited government intervention is a fundamental aspect of the liberal tradition, forming the basis for both American Liberalism and American Conservatism. Therefore, the final answer, option b, encapsulates the defining characteristics of liberalism that have shaped political ideologies in the United States.
Therefore,the correct option is b.