Final answer:
Characterization is the technique authors use to create and develop characters within a story. It can be direct, where traits are explicitly stated, or indirect, where traits are inferred by the character's actions and dialogue.
Step-by-step explanation:
Characterization is a literary device that authors use to present and develop characters within a narrative. The development of characters can be achieved through a combination of their actions, descriptions, and dialogue, which makes them relatable and memorable for the readers. Characterization can be direct or indirect.
Direct characterization occurs when the author explicitly states traits about a character, allowing the reader to understand their nature without interpretation. For example, an author might write, 'Jonathan was a kind man who always helped others in need.' This statement makes it clear what Jonathan's personality is like.
On the other hand, indirect characterization is a subtler approach, where the author reveals the character's traits through their actions, interactions with other characters, and dialogues. Readers infer these traits by observing how the character behaves and reacts in different situations. If Jonathan takes care of a wounded animal, the reader infers that he is kind.