Final answer:
Vulnerable areas of infrastructure to extreme weather impact include agriculture and transportation, with direct implications for trade and productivity. Climate disruption requires continual infrastructure reconstruction, which can both directly and indirectly affect ecosystems and human health. WG.11C serves as a guide to understanding how these changes affect economic activities.
Step-by-step explanation:
Vulnerable areas of infrastructure to extreme weather impact and economic effects are agriculture and transportation. Damaged infrastructure can have serious repercussions, leading to disrupted trade and decreased productivity. Extreme weather events can also cause substantial injury or death, further exacerbated by indirect effects such as the spread of vector-borne diseases, aggravated respiratory diseases, and population dislocation.
Furthermore, climate disruption can lead to the need for the continual reconstruction of water-handling and food-producing infrastructures, such as dams and canals, which can have devastating effects on ecosystems, including streams, rivers, and marine environments like coral reefs. Changes in water flow patterns could necessitate the development of new agricultural areas, requiring the construction of additional roads and pipelines to support these activities. Additionally, warming patterns may also open up the Arctic to more commerce, leading to increased construction of infrastructure there.
In the context of education, the standard WG.11C focuses on assessing how changes in climate, resources, and infrastructure affect the location and patterns of economic activities. It is clear that with the increasing intensity and frequency of extreme weather events, such as heavy rainfall, droughts, and sea-level rise, the challenges to infrastructure and the economy will continue to grow.