Final answer:
Temperament is considered to be biologically based, though environmental factors can influence its expression. The answer to the statement in question is 'True'.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question 'Temperament is biologically based and not based on the quality of parenting. a) True b) False' asks us to evaluate if temperament is inherent or if it is influenced by the way a child is raised. The contemporary psychological understanding, supported by research from scholars like Rothbart (2011), Thomas and Chess (1977), and Carter et al. (2008), acknowledges that temperament is indeed biologically based and apparent early in life, categorizing babies into types like 'easy,' 'difficult,' or 'slow to warm up.' While environmental factors, such as family interactions and broader maturation processes, can modulate how children express their personalities, the inherent nature of temperament suggests that the true answer to the question is a) True.