Final answer:
The distance the dog moved is 28 meters.
Step-by-step explanation:
The distance the dog moved is equal to the sum of the distances it walked to the east and the distances it walked back to the west. In this case, the dog walked 12 meters to the east and then 16 meters back to the west. Therefore, the distance the dog moved is 12 meters + 16 meters = 28 meters.