Final answer:
The phenomena that can be explained only by the particle model of light are diffraction, interference, the photoelectric effect, and polarization. Hence all of the above.
Step-by-step explanation:
The phenomena that can be explained only by the particle model of light are:
- Diffraction: The bending of waves around the edges of a nontransparent object or after passing through an opening can only be explained by the particle model of light.
- Interference: The superposition of two or more traveling waves, resulting in variations in the resultant wave amplitude, can only be explained by the particle model of light.
- Photoelectric effect: The observation that electrons are ejected from a material when it is illuminated by light can only be explained by the particle model of light.
- Polarization: The phenomenon in which light waves all vibrate in a single plane can be explained by the wave aspect of light, but the interaction of individual photons with individual electrons that leads to polarization can only be explained by the particle model of light.