Final answer:
Anaerobic respiration is the process of generating energy without the presence of oxygen, involving steps like fermentation after glycolysis. It should not be confused with aerobic respiration, which requires oxygen and occurs in the mitochondria.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of respiration that does not require oxygen is B) Anaerobic respiration. Anaerobic respiration is a type of cellular respiration that occurs when oxygen is not present. It includes processes like fermentation, where energy is produced under anaerobic conditions.
During anaerobic respiration, glucose is initially broken down to pyruvate by the process of glycolysis. Glycolysis takes place in the cytosol of the cytoplasm and does not require oxygen, making it the first stage in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Following glycolysis, if oxygen is not available, cells can undergo different types of fermentation. Humans and many microorganisms use lactic acid fermentation or alcoholic fermentation to continue generating energy in the absence of oxygen.
It's important to note that anaerobic respiration is distinct from aerobic respiration, which requires oxygen to produce energy. Aerobic respiration occurs in the mitochondria and includes electron transport as a stage of the process.