Final answer:
Population I stars are younger and rich in heavy elements, located in the galactic disk and spiral arms, while Population II stars are older, poorer in heavy elements and found throughout the Galaxy, including in the halo with elliptical orbits.
Step-by-step explanation:
Differences Between Population I and Population II Stars
Population I and Population II stars represent two distinct generations of stars with differing characteristics in terms of their chemical composition, age, and location and motion within the Galaxy.
Population I stars have a wide range of ages, including stars as old as 10 billion years, as well as those currently forming, such as the Sun and the young stars in the Orion Nebula. They are typically rich in heavy elements, residing in the galactic disk, closely following circular orbits around the galactic centre, and are often found in spiral arms and young open star clusters.
Population II stars, in contrast, are older, typically 11 to 13 billion years old. They formed when the Galaxy was young, and the abundance of elements heavier than hydrogen and helium was low. These stars are commonly found throughout the Galaxy, including in the halo with eccentric elliptical orbits, in globular clusters, and are not correlated with the spiral arms.