Final answer:
The reaction between silver nitrate solution and magnesium chloride solution produces a white precipitate of silver chloride. This is a characteristic chemical reaction used to test for the presence of chloride ions in solutions by observing the formation of a white precipitate with silver nitrate.
Step-by-step explanation:
When silver nitrate solution reacts with magnesium chloride solution, the expected product of the reaction is a precipitate. According to the given information and choices, the reaction yields a silver chloride precipitate. This is consistent with the fact that when silver nitrate is added to chloride-containing solutions, a white precipitate of silver chloride characteristically forms. Therefore, the reaction between silver nitrate and magnesium chloride would produce silver chloride as a precipitate, not silver oxide, a blue solution, or any gaseous products with a pungent odor.
In similar reactions, adding silver nitrate to solutions containing bromide or iodide ions also results in precipitate formation, with silver bromide yielding a cream-colored precipitate and silver iodide yielding a yellow precipitate. These differences in precipitate color can be used to distinguish between halide ions present in the solution.