Final answer:
A dehydration reaction between glucose and fructose forms the disaccharide sucrose; between amino acids, it forms peptide bonds in proteins; between fatty acids and glycerol, it forms triglycerides; and between RNA and DNA nucleotides, it forms the phosphodiester bonds in the nucleic acid backbone.
Step-by-step explanation:
A dehydration reaction, also known as dehydration synthesis, is a chemical reaction that involves the combination of two molecules with the release of a water molecule. In the context of biological macromolecules, this type of reaction is fundamental in forming larger, more complex structures from simpler ones.
- Glucose and fructose combine in a dehydration reaction to form sucrose, a disaccharide, plus water, by forming a glycosidic bond between them.
- Amino acids in proteins are joined together by dehydration reactions to form peptide bonds, resulting in the release of a water molecule.
- Fatty acids and glycerol undergo dehydration synthesis to form triglycerides (lipids), again releasing water.
- While RNA and DNA nucleotides also engage in dehydration reactions during the polymerization process, they form phosphodiester bonds to create the backbone of nucleic acid strands rather than combining directly with each other through dehydration alone.
It's important to note that the specific bonds and structures formed during such dehydration reactions are essential for the function and stability of the resulting biological molecules.