Final answer:
All options provided, including bark, root cap, secondary growth, and vascular cambium, arise from meristematic activity. The vascular cambium and cork cambium contribute to the plant's secondary growth by forming secondary vascular tissues and bark, respectively.
Step-by-step explanation:
The activities that arise, directly or indirectly, from meristematic activity include bark, root cap, secondary growth, and the vascular cambium. Specifically, the vascular cambium is a type of lateral meristem that produces secondary xylem and phloem, contributing to radial expansion and increasing the girth of the plant. This secondary growth leads to the formation of wood and the thickening of the plant's structure.
The cork cambium is another form of meristem which replaces the epidermis with bark, forming a protective layer known as cork. When considering the four options provided (A. Bark, B. Root cap, C. Secondary growth, D. Vascular cambium), all of them are correctly associated with meristematic activity. The root cap, which protects the root apex, also originates from meristematic cells.