Final answer:
A U.S. Representative's term is two years, and a U.S. Senator's term is six years, as stated in Article I of the Constitution. The Vice President acts as President of the Senate. Qualifications for the President are detailed in Article II, Section 1, while the Fourteenth Amendment addresses due process and equal protection under the law, and the First Amendment includes five fundamental rights.
Step-by-step explanation:
U.S. Constitution and Government Structure
The term of office for a U.S. Representative is two years, while a U.S. Senator's term of office is six years. This information is found in Article I of the U.S. Constitution. Specifically, details about the House of Representatives are in Section 2 and the Senate in Section 3.
The President of the United State Senate, who also serves as the Vice President of the United States, is not mentioned directly in these sections, but the position is acknowledged in Article I, Section 3, as part of the Senate's proceedings, and in Article II, which describes the executive branch.
Qualifications for being President of the United States include being at least thirty-five years old, a natural born citizen of the U.S., and a resident within the U.S. for at least fourteen years, as specified in Article II, Section 1 of the Constitution.
There are no explicit constitutional qualifications for being a Supreme Court Justice; their appointment is at the discretion of the President, with confirmation by the Senate, as outlined in Article III.
The legislative branch, specifically Congress, has the power to "lay and collect taxes" according to Article I, Section 8 of the U.S. Constitution.
Both due process of law and equal protection of the law are addressed together in the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.
The First Amendment includes five rights: freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and the right to petition the government.