Final Answer:
Predicting an individual's lifespan involves numerous unpredictable variables such as genetics, lifestyle, and health history. In this context, estimating the probability of Earvin, a 68-year-old non-Hispanic Black male, living to be 78 is inherently uncertain. So the correct option is A) The probability cannot be determined.
Step-by-step explanation:
Determining the probability of a specific individual's lifespan, such as Earvin's, involves a complex interplay of various factors, including genetics, lifestyle, health history, and socioeconomic conditions. While statistical models and actuarial tables exist to estimate life expectancies for specific demographic groups, predicting the lifespan of an individual with certainty is challenging.
In this case, factors such as Earvin's current health status, family medical history, and lifestyle choices would play a crucial role in assessing his probability of reaching the age of 78. Moreover, the question mentions that Earvin is a non-Hispanic Black male. While certain demographic groups may exhibit general trends in life expectancy, these trends are not deterministic for any specific individual.
Actuarial tables may provide average life expectancies for specific demographics, but these are averages and do not guarantee the lifespan of any particular person. The variability within demographic groups is significant. Therefore, without comprehensive information about Earvin's health and lifestyle, it is not possible to determine the probability of him reaching the age of 78 with any level of confidence. Life expectancy assessments require a nuanced understanding of individual circumstances and cannot be accurately predicted based solely on demographic information.