Final answer:
An algorithm is a step-by-step problem-solving formula, while a heuristic is a general problem-solving framework or mental shortcut. Decision tree analysis is an example of an algorithm, while a heuristic approach involves rules of thumb or shortcuts. Comparative analysis can be used to evaluate different algorithms or approaches.
Step-by-step explanation:
An algorithm is a problem-solving formula that provides step-by-step instructions to achieve a desired outcome while a heuristic is a general problem-solving framework or mental shortcut used to solve problems. Algorithms must be followed exactly to produce a correct result, whereas heuristics are more flexible but may not always lead to the best decision. For example a decision tree analysis is an algorithm that uses a tree-like model of decisions and their possible consequences to determine the best course of action. On the other hand, a heuristic approach involves using rules of thumb or shortcuts to quickly make a decision without considering all possible options.
Comparative analysis is not explicitly mentioned in the question but it can be used as a method to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of different algorithms or approaches to solving a problem, aiding in the decision-making process.