Final answer:
Effective communication with a tracheostomy patient can involve all forms of interaction, including verbal communication, written communication, and non-verbal cues, depending on the patient's abilities.
Step-by-step explanation:
How can a patient and nurse effectively communicate when the patient has a tracheostomy? The correct answer is D) All of the above. Communication can be challenging for patients with a tracheostomy, but there are several methods that can be used to facilitate effective interaction.
Verbal Communication
Even with a tracheostomy, some patients may still be able to speak. This can depend on the type of tracheostomy tube in use and whether or not the patient can tolerate a speaking valve. Nurses should assess if verbal communication is viable and support the patient in using their voice if possible.
Written Communication
When verbal communication is not possible, written communication is a valuable alternative. Providing the patient with pen and paper, or a whiteboard, can help them express their needs and thoughts.
Non-Verbal Cues
In cases where writing is also a challenge, non-verbal cues such as gestures, facial expressions, or the use of communication boards with pictures or symbols can be effective methods of conveying messages.