Final answer:
During the Age of Jackson, the Democratic Party emerged in 1828 to support Andrew Jackson, while the Whig Party was formed in 1834 to oppose his policies. These parties marked the second party system in the U.S., with disagreements predominantly centered around the role of federal government and issues like slavery.
Step-by-step explanation:
New Political Parties During the Age of Jackson
The Age of Andrew Jackson, known for the rise of the common man in American politics, gave birth to several new political parties. With the dissolution of the first party system, which included the Federalists and the Jeffersonian Republicans, new factions arose that were to dominate the political scene for decades. Accordingly, the new political parties that came into being during the age of Jackson were primarily the Whig Party and the Democratic Party, with the latter being the party of Andrew Jackson himself.
The Democratic Party emerged in 1828 to endorse Andrew Jackson's candidacy for the presidency. This party centered around the principles of championing the common people's causes, endorsing westward expansion, and opposing a centralized national bank, embracing a limited government philosophy that favored state rights.
In contrast, the Whig Party was established in 1834 as a direct opposition to President Jackson's policies, which they viewed as too akin to a monarchic rule. The Whigs advocated for a stronger federal government's role in promoting economic growth, thus supporting a vision that leaned towards nationalistic and industrial development. Moreover, other parties like the Anti-Masonic Party and the Free Soil Party also entered the political landscape, reflective of the evolving debates and issues of that time, such as opposition to secret societies and the expansion of slavery in the new territories, respectively.
However, faced with the pressing issue of slavery and its westward expansion, the political dynamic began to shift, leading to a fracturing of these political parties in the early 1850s, particularly affecting the Whigs. Consequently, the second party system began to unravel, paving the way for the formation of new alignments and eventually the creation of the modern Republican party.