Final answer:
Forces acting on a book include gravitational force, which keeps it grounded; electromagnetic force, which can result in friction between the book and a surface; and frictional force, which resists motion. Nuclear force is not relevant to the book's macroscopic behavior.
Step-by-step explanation:
When considering the forces acting on a book, we identify the following:
- Gravitational force: This force is always acting on the book due to the Earth's gravitational pull. It ensures that the book remains in place on a surface or falls to the ground when not supported.
- Electromagnetic force: This comes into play as a result of interactions between molecules on the surface of the book and the surface it's resting on, often resulting in frictional force.
- Frictional force: If the book is resting on a surface or if a person is moving it across a surface, this force acts opposite to the direction of motion, resisting sliding.
- Nuclear force: This force is not acting on the book in a large-scale sense relevant to its motion or stationary behavior. Nuclear forces operate on a subatomic scale, affecting the stability of atomic nuclei and therefore are not considered in this context.
Regarding subatomic forces within the atoms of the book's material, it is the strong nuclear force that holds the nucleus of an atom together, while the electromagnetic force is responsible for the structural integrity between the electrons and the nucleus.