Final answer:
The energy absorbed by 1 gram of a substance to raise its temperature by 1 degree Celsius is called its specific heat. This value differs among substances; for example, water's specific heat is 4.18 J/g°C.
Step-by-step explanation:
The energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree Celsius is known as the specific heat of the substance. Specific heat is the amount of heat in joules needed to raise 1g of a substance by 1°C (or 1K). Therefore, the energy absorbed can vary greatly depending on the substance. For instance, the specific heat of water is 4.18 joules per gram per degree Celsius (J/g°C), meaning that it would take 4.18 joules to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius.