Final answer:
DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid, a molecule comprising a long chain of nucleotides forming a double helix. Nucleotides consist of deoxyribose sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base (Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine).
Step-by-step explanation:
DNA Lab Report Explanation
The letters DNA stand for Deoxyribonucleic Acid, which is a molecule that carries the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning, and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses. It is made up of two long strands that coil around each other to form a double helix. The 'deoxyribo' part of the name indicates the sugar present in DNA, which is deoxyribose. DNA is constructed from a very long chain of units called nucleotides. Each nucleotide is comprised of three components: a deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
The nitrogenous bases include Adenine (A), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G), and Thymine (T). Adenine and Guanine are categorized as purines, which are double-ringed structures; whereas Cytosine and Thymine are classified as pyrimidines, which have a single-ringed structure. These bases pair specifically (A with T and C with G) to form the rungs of the DNA ladder, and their sequence encodes genetic information.
So, in the context of the provided answer choices, the correct answer would be 'B. Deoxyribonucleic acid'.