Final answer:
Portugal colonized Brazil, Spain colonized parts of North America, and England had colonies in the Caribbean and North America. The Treaty of Tordesillas divided the New World between Spain and Portugal, leading to their initial colonization efforts.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question pertains to where European countries colonized in the New World. The correct answer to the student's question is d) Portugal - Brazil, Spain - North America, England - India. In the context of this question, only the colonization of the Americas is relevant, so we can focus on the colonization of Brazil by Portugal, and parts of North America by Spain. Spain was the first European country to establish colonies in the Americas, with Portugal following shortly after. Spain and Portugal's initial claims were defined by the Treaty of Tordesillas. Spain's territories included not just parts of South America but also North America, where they expanded from Mexico into the southwest. Portugal colonized the east coast of present-day Brazil. Other European powers such as England, France, and the Netherlands also established colonies in the Americas: England along the east coast of North America, France in Canada and parts of North America, and the Netherlands briefly in parts of the Caribbean and North America.