Final answer:
The formal grouping of people with common interests who aim to achieve a specific goal is called an association.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term for a formal grouping of people with common interests who seek to achieve a specific end is an association (option c). In contrast, a community (option a) is a group of people with shared interests and values or who live in the same place. Society (option d) refers to a broader grouping of people who live in a definable community, share a culture, and typically share a political authority. Furthermore, a society encompasses our shared beliefs and cultural ideas. A social system (option b) can refer to the structured relations and institutions among a large community or society.