Final answer:
The electron micrograph provided depicts the mitochondrion with visible cristae and is surrounded by two phospholipid bilayers. Structures such as mitochondria work together in various cell processes, such as protein synthesis and energy production, and evidence like DNA and ribosomes support the endosymbiotic theory of their origin as formerly free-living bacteria.
Step-by-step explanation:
The electron micrograph you referred to likely depicts the mitochondrion, especially since it mentions the identification of cristae, which are folds in the mitochondrial inner membrane. The mitochondrion is surrounded by two phospholipid bilayers making 'D. Nucleus' the correct answer to question 11, as it is the structure surrounded by a double membrane. The mitochondrion is not derived from endosymbiotic bacterium (question 15); mitochondria are thought to have originated from endosymbiotic bacteria. Finally, the structure that is common in Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya, is 'B. cytoplasmic membrane' pointing to a common origin (question 50).
The nucleus, ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus work together in a process called protein synthesis, where the nucleus provides the instructions, ribosomes synthesize proteins, which are then processed and packaged by the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus respectively. Mitochondria are referred to as the power plants of the cell because they produce ATP, the cell's energy currency, through a process called oxidative phosphorylation which takes place within the inner membrane of the mitochondria (as described in the electron micrograph). Vesicles and vacuoles are involved in transport and storage within the cell, respectively. Ribosomes are essential for protein fabrication, thus their presence is necessary even in prokaryotic cells. The endosymbiotic theory suggests that mitochondria originated from free-living prokaryotes that were engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells. Evidence for this includes similarities in DNA and ribosome structure between mitochondria and certain prokaryotes.
Lysosomes and peroxisomes are types of organelles that facilitate cellular digestion and the breakdown of toxic substances, respectively. Lastly, the location of electron transport systems in prokaryotes is the cytoplasmic membrane, as prokaryotes do not contain mitochondria (question 10).