Final answer:
Prokaryotic cells have no membrane-bound organelles and lack a true nucleus, whereas eukaryotic cells have both a true, membrane-bound nucleus and various membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts.
Step-by-step explanation:
Prokaryotic cells exhibit fundamental differences when compared to eukaryotic cells. The most notable features distinct to prokaryotic cells include the lack of a membrane-bound nucleus and the absence of membrane-bound organelles within their cellular structure. Let's explore the choices provided to clarify the characteristics of prokaryotic cells.
- A) Have no membrane-bound organelles: True. Prokaryotic cells do not contain organelles such as mitochondria, chloroplasts, or endoplasmic reticulum that are bound by membranes.
- B) Lack a true nucleus: True. In prokaryotic cells, the DNA is located in an area called the nucleoid, which is not enclosed by a membrane, making it distinct from a true, well-defined nucleus found in eukaryotic cells.
- C) Possess a well-defined nucleus: False. Prokaryotic cells do not have a well-defined nucleus. Instead, their genetic material is found within the nucleoid region.
- D) Contain membrane-bound structures like mitochondria: False. Membrane-bound structures like mitochondria are characteristic of eukaryotic cells, not prokaryotic ones.
In summary, a prokaryotic cell is defined by lacking both a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, which are key characteristics that distinguish them from eukaryotic cells.