Final answer:
An algorithm is a step-by-step procedure for solving a problem, commonly used in computer science and technology. Unlike heuristics, algorithms provide a specific, repeatable process that ensures consistent outcomes when performed correctly.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer to the question is A. A step-by-step procedure for solving a problem. An algorithm is a structured set of instructions designed to solve a problem or accomplish a task. In computer science, algorithms are essential for the functioning of software and are used to process data, make decisions, and control the behavior of systems. For instance, search engines use algorithms to determine the relevance and ranking of web pages in search results, and social media platforms use them to decide which content appears in a user's feed.
Compared to a heuristic, which is a general problem-solving framework or mental shortcut used when an exact solution is not necessary or when speed is more critical than accuracy, an algorithm provides a specific, repeatable series of steps that assure the same result each time when they are performed correctly. Algorithms are pervasive in technology and shape much of our digital experiences.