Final answer:
A digital signature is the correct response. It ensures authenticity, integrity, and non-repudiation of a message.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer is d) Digital signature. A digital signature is a cryptographic technique that provides authenticity, integrity, and non-repudiation of a message. It uses the sender's secret key to create a unique and verifiable signature of the challenge. This ensures that the message has not been tampered with and can be traced back to the sender.