Final answer:
Symbolism in American literature involves the use of objects or elements to represent larger, abstract ideas. Examples include the 'A' in Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter to represent various themes such as adultery and resilience, and metaphors and similes to compare and convey deeper meanings.
Step-by-step explanation:
Symbolism is a literary device where objects, characters, or events represent larger, more abstract ideas. Authors often use symbolism to convey complex ideas in a way that is accessible and relatable to the reader. In American Literature, symbolism is widespread. For instance, Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter uses the symbol of the 'A' to represent adultery, shame, and judgment but it also symbolizes the protagonist's inner strength and resilience.
Metaphors and similes are also forms of symbolism where comparisons are made to show resemblance, often to convey a deeper meaning. For example, declaring 'My love, you are a rose,' uses a metaphor to imply beauty and preciousness, whereas 'You are like a rose' is a simile that suggests a similar comparison.
Moreover, symbolism can be broader, such as the American flag, which may symbolize freedom, sacrifice, or oppression, depending on the context and the observer's perspective. Images used in literature, such as the heart symbol representing love, also function as symbols to transmit more profound meanings.