Final answer:
The word that best describes the absorption of an individual or minority into a larger group is 'a) Assimilation', which involves adopting the characteristics of the dominant culture.
Step-by-step explanation:
The word that best describes the absorption of an individual or minority group of people into another society or group is a) Assimilation. Assimilation is the process by which a minority individual or group gives up its own identity by taking on the characteristics of the dominant culture. This process often involves adaptation to the host culture's social norms, traditions, and language, leading to a decrease in the cultural differences between the minority and dominant groups.
In the context of the United States, assimilation has traditionally been a function of immigration, with a history of welcoming immigrants from various backgrounds who gradually adapt and absorb the cultural traits of the larger American society. Sociologists have used four benchmarks to measure assimilation: socioeconomic status, spatial concentration, language assimilation, and intermarriage. However, it's important to note that barriers such as racial and ethnic discrimination can make it difficult for immigrants to fully assimilate, particularly when it comes to language, affecting their educational and employment opportunities.