Final answer:
Heat cannot escape into space through conduction or convection because space is a vacuum. Instead, radiation is the method by which heat can be transferred through space, occurring through electromagnetic waves without a medium.
Step-by-step explanation:
When heat cannot escape into space, the process is known as insulation. This occurs because there are no particles to carry the heat away through conduction or convection in the vacuum of space. Instead, radiation is the only method of heat transfer that can occur in the vacuum of space, as it does not require a medium; heat can be transmitted through electromagnetic waves from a hot body like the Sun to the Earth. For example, the Earth receives warmth from the Sun through radiation, even though the space between them is largely empty. This radiation is absorbed by our atmosphere and surfaces, which is how solar energy reaches us, given that other forms of heat transfer require matter to be effective.