Final answer:
In 'The Alchemist,' the desert symbolizes b) spiritual journey and transformation, mirroring the protagonist's internal quest and serving as both a challenge and a guide on his path to personal enlightenment.
Step-by-step explanation:
In Paulo Coelho's The Alchemist, the desert is a complex symbol that represents more than just a physical landscape; it symbolizes the personal, spiritual journey and transformation that the protagonist, Santiago, undergoes. The harsh conditions of the desert serve as a backdrop for self-discovery and introspection, mirroring the internal process of seeking one's own 'Personal Legend'.
It is a place where the distractions of the world fall away, leaving only the essential quest for meaning and a closer connection to the world's soul, or as it's known in the novel, the Soul of the World. The desert's vastness and challenges symbolize the obstacles one must overcome in the pursuit of dreams, and the transformation that occurs within when one perseveres. Moreover, the desert is not just a backdrop but an active participant in Santiago's journey, communicating through omens and shaping his path.
The desert can evoke feelings of isolation and hardship, but in the context of The Alchemist, it is more aligned with a spiritual journey and transformation. It is a place where characters are tested and where significant growth occurs. The isolation of the desert allows for a deeper reflection and a confrontation with one's own fears and desires. Therefore, the correct option to describe what the desert symbolizes in 'The Alchemist' is b) Spiritual journey and transformation.