Final answer:
The hippocampus is responsible for memory consolidation, which is the process of transferring new learning into long-term memory, according to the standard model of consolidation.
Step-by-step explanation:
According to the standard model of consolidation, the hippocampus is proposed to be responsible for memory consolidation. More specifically, this involves the processing of transferring new learning into long-term memory. Experiments involving lesions in the hippocampi of rats have shown that the hippocampus is involved in normal recognition memory and spatial memory. When these areas are damaged, individuals, such as the famous patient HM, are left unable to process new declarative memories, indicating the crucial role of the hippocampus in forming long-term memories from short-term ones.
Furthermore, the hippocampus projects information to cortical regions that give memories meaning and connect them with other memories, underscoring its importance not just in memory storage, but in the integration and context of memories. Therefore, the correct answer is A. It is responsible for memory consolidation.