Final answer:
Endochondral ossification is the bone development process from hyaline cartilage, primarily forming long bones. The process involves mesenchymal cells differentiating into chondrocytes, the formation of cartilage model, capillary invasion and periosteal collar development, continued growth of cartilage, appearance of secondary ossification centers, and retention of cartilage at growth plates. The correct sequence is B. Mesenchymal condensation, chondrocyte hypertrophy, cartilage calcification, bone formation.
Step-by-step explanation:
Endochondral Ossification Process
Endochondral ossification is the process of bone development from hyaline cartilage. This type of ossification is primarily responsible for the formation of the long bones of the body, such as the femur, tibia, and humerus. The steps in the process of endochondral ossification are as follows:
- Mesenchymal cell differentiation into chondrocytes.
- Formation of the cartilage model and the perichondrium.
- Capillary penetration of cartilage and the perichondrium transforming into periosteum. Development of the periosteal collar, along with the primary ossification center.
- Continued growth of cartilage and chondrocytes at the ends of the bone.
- Development of secondary ossification centers.
- Maintenance of cartilage at the epiphyseal plate and at the joint surface as articular cartilage.
This sequence details the transition from a cartilage model to a bone structure, with a focus on the growth and maturation of chondrocytes, the formation of bone through the actions of osteoblasts, and the ultimate replacement of cartilage by bony tissue, which includes osteocytes, osteoclasts, and osteoprogenitor cells.
The correct option that lists the steps of endochondral ossification is B. Mesenchymal condensation, chondrocyte hypertrophy, cartilage calcification, bone formation.